Name________________ Per____

Chapter 9 Water: Hydrological Cycle and Human Use

Water- A Vital Resource

1. Water covers ___________percent of Earth's surface.

2. _________ percent of all the earth's water is saltwater.

3. Two-thirds of the freshwater is bound up in: ___________ and ___________.

4. Only _________ percent is accessible freshwater.

5. Water supply shortages loom in at least __________ countries.

The Hydrological Cycle

6. Which type of bonding results in the three phases of water? ____________

7. Which two forces determine the different degrees of interaction between water molecules? ______________ and _____________

8. In terms of bonding forces and kinetic energy which dominates during evaporation? ______________ Condensation? _____________

Water Over and Through the Ground

9. When precipitation hits the earth's surface which two pathways might it follow?

10. Surface waters can be found in ____________________________.

11. Which type of water is available for plants? _______________

12. Provide a brief description of the pathway water takes in making its way ultimately into what is called the water table?

Human Impacts of the Water Cycle

13. List and describe three impacts humans have on the water cycle.

14. Deforestation leads to __________ infiltration _________ groundwater recharge, _____________ runoff, ____________sedimentation, ____________water pollution and ____________ flooding. Use more or less

15. Destruction of wetlands leads to __________ infiltration _________ groundwater recharge, _____________ runoff, ____________sedimentation, ____________water pollution and ____________ flooding. Use more or less

16. Urbinization leads to __________ infiltration _________ groundwater recharge, _____________ runoff, ____________sedimentation, ____________water pollution and ____________ flooding. Use more or less

Sources and Uses of Freshwater

17. Which two human concerns regarding freshwater are common?

18. Water is used ____% for irrigation ____% for industry ____% for human use.

19. The major source of freshwater is _____________.

20 No more than _______% of a river's average flow can be taken without risk.

21. What are the consequences of overdraft on wetlands? Estuaries?

Sources and Uses of Freshwater cont'd

22. How will each of the following be effected by significant groundwater depletion?

a. agriculture

b. rivers/streams

c. subsidence

d. saltwater intrusion

e. water cost

Water Availability and Management

23. What strategies are commonly used to increase water supplies? (identify two)

24. What are the environmental impacts of the strategies listed in 23 above?

25. Rank the following in terms of greatest demands on US freshwater:

a. agriculture b. electrical power c. industry d. households

26. How much irrigation water is wasted by evaporation? ______%

27. Which irrigation method can minimize this loss? ______________

28. How much water does an average US household use? What is the most effective technique to conserve water?

29. How is water commonly desalinated? ( Two techniques)

30. Identify three consequences of poor storm-water management.

_____________________ _________________ _________________

. What is the role of a reservoir in storm water management?